Republiek der Letteren

“De term Republiek der Letteren ofwel Res Publica Litterarum werd het eerst door Erasmus gebruikt. Tot ver in de zeventiende eeuw bedoelde men daarmee het idee van een geleerdengemeenschap die tijd en ruimte overschreed en die boven de beperkingen van de moedertaal, godsdienst en nationaliteit uitsteeg. In de Republiek der Letteren vereerde men de bonae litterae en bestudeerde men hartstochtelijk de humaniora om er een beter mens van te worden. De filologie was hier de sleutel voor elke wetenschap en daarom was een degelijke kennis van het Latijn onontbeerlijk of men nu jurist, theoloog of medicus was. Deze Europese geleerde broederschap dreef op correspondenties en op persoonlijke ontmoetingen. Ook al waren de burgers van deze republiek polyglot, de voertaal was meestal Latijn, maar soms ook Grieks of een oosterse taal. Iedere “burger” was verplicht om aan de communicatio mee te doen. Afstand mocht geen rol spelen, afkomst evenmin. Slechts adeldom van de geest telde. De talrijke brieven die deze republiek in stand hielden werden per post verstuurd, meegegeven aan een vriend, koopman of diplomaten. Vaak namen studenten op hun Grand Tour of geleerden op een peregrinatio academica de brieven mee. Was de brief eenmaal aangekomen, dan werd verwacht dat de ontvanger de brief zou laten circuleren. Ook mocht men ingesloten boeken en manuscripten niet voor zichzelf houden. Kreeg men een boek of een portret cadeau, dan had men de verplichting van een antidoron, een tegengift. Om bij belangrijke geleerden binnen te komen, had men een introductiebrief nodig.
De onderwerpen in de brieven beslaan een wijd terrein: discussies over geschiedenis en theologie, wetenschappelijk onderzoek, opvoeding, nieuws uit de boekenwereld, roddels, gemengd nieuws, verslagen van de politiek, gedichten, persoonlijke belevenissen, enzovoort. Als een brief een afgeronde verhandeling over een wetenschappelijk onderwerp is, een overzicht van zojuist verschenen boeken, van collaties van handschriften of een afschrift van inscripties, dan heet zo’n brief een geleerdenbrief.”
Uit: Pieta van Beek (1996), Een Vrouwenrepubliek der Letteren? Anna Maria van Schurman (1607–1678) en haar netwerk van geleerde vrouwen. Tydskrif vir Nederlands & Afrikaans (3/1). [Elektroniese Weergawe: http://academic.sun.ac.za/afrndl/tna/vanbeek96.html]

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